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Endometriosis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

Endometriosis is a complex condition where tissue resembling the uterus lining grows outside the uterus, causing various symptoms. Commonly, this can lead to pelvic pain, heavy menstrual bleeding, and even fertility challenges. Managing endometriosis often requires a multifaceted approach, including medications, surgical interventions, or a combination of both treatments. Want to know more? Read on further to understand everything you need to know about endometriosis.

What Is Endometriosis?

Endometriosis is a disease that occurs when the uterine lining-like tissue grows in other areas of the body. This growth leads to painful periods and may lead to complications such as pregnancy complications due to scarring and blocked fallopian tubes.

Generally, endometriosis impacts the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or outer lining of the uterus. In severe cases, it can affect the bladder and intestines or go beyond the pelvic region, possibly affecting the lungs.

This condition affects approximately 10% of women and those assigned female at birth (AFAB) in the world. However, it is most frequently diagnosed in individuals between 20 and 39. Luckily, the symptoms of endometriosis can be controlled with the right treatment.

Types of Endometriosis

Endometriosis can be categorized into four main types based on the areas it affects within the pelvis or abdomen:

Endometriomas: These are black cysts filled with fluid. They are usually found in the ovaries, though they can be located in any part of the pelvis or abdomen. They are also known as chocolate cysts.
Superficial Peritoneal Endometriosis: This is the least severe form, in which endometrial tissue forms lumps and grows on the peritoneum, a thin tissue that covers the walls of the abdomen and pelvis and most of the organs in these regions.
Abdominal Wall Endometriosis: At times, endometriosis can also occur on the abdominal wall, with the tissue sticking to the surgical site, for example, a C-section.
Deeply Infiltrating Endometriosis (DIE): In this type, endometrial tissue invades the organs inside or outside the pelvic cavity, such as the ovaries, rectum, bladder, and bowels. However, in rare circumstances, the disease can cause massive scarring of tissue that joins the organs together, resulting in a frozen pelvis, which occurs in 1%- 5% of endometriosis patients.

What Are the Causes of Endometriosis?

The actual cause of endometriosis is not yet known, but some theories may explain the occurrence of this disease. One of the most famous theories is retrograde menstruation, which states that the blood enters the fallopian tubes and the pelvic cavity in backward motion. This backward flow can contain endometrial cells that can implant on other organs such as the ovaries or intestines. As retrograde menstruation is common in women and does not necessarily indicate endometriosis, other factors, such as immune system dysfunction, could be involved in not expelling these displaced cells.

Genetics also plays an important role in the development of endometriosis. It is believed that people with a family history of the disease, for example, a mother or sister diagnosed with the disease, are more likely to develop the condition.

Another theory relates to immune system disorder, in which a low immune response may lead to the growth of endometrial cells outside the uterus. Hormonal factors again play a role in this case, especially estrogen, which leads to the formation of endometrial-like tissue in abnormal locations.

Other possible causes include:

Coelomic metaplasia, where cells lining the abdominal cavity transform into endometrial-like cells.
Embryonic cell transformation, where remnants of embryonic cells develop into endometrial tissue later in life.

What Are the Symptoms of Endometriosis?

Pelvic pain is a common symptom of endometriosis, often intensifying around menstruation. Unlike regular menstrual cramps, this pain can be severe and long-lasting. Other symptoms include painful periods (dysmenorrhea), discomfort during sexual activity, and pain while urinating or during bowel movements, particularly around the time of menstruation. Some people may also experience heavy menstrual bleeding or spotting between periods.

Endometriosis is also associated with infertility, and many individuals only learn they have the condition during fertility evaluations. Additional symptoms may include fatigue, bloating, diarrhoea, or constipation, particularly during menstruation. Interestingly, the severity of pain doesn’t always match the amount of tissue growth; some with minimal tissue may experience intense pain, while others with extensive growth might have few symptoms.

How Is Endometriosis Diagnosed?

Endometriosis diagnosis is challenging due to the fact that there is no test that can be used to make a diagnosis without surgery. The diagnostic process often starts with the assessment of symptoms and the patient’s history. A pelvic exam can show endometrial lesions, but it is not very effective in diagnosing small lesions of endometriosis.

Even though ultrasounds and MRIs can reveal some larger cysts, including endometriomas – ‘chocolate cysts’, they cannot diagnose endometriosis or visualize small lesions.

The only definitive method of diagnosing endometriosis is through a procedure known as laparoscopy, which is a form of surgery. During laparoscopy, the doctor will place a small camera through a small cut near the belly button to look at the abdominal cavity. If there is any indication of an abnormal growth, then a tissue sample may be taken for further examination. Biopsy is deemed to be the most accurate technique due to visualization of the tissue and puncture of tissue samples.

Sometimes, endometriosis is discovered accidentally during surgeries for other conditions or in individuals without symptoms. However, diagnosing endometriosis can be delayed due to the complexity of the condition and the wide range of symptoms, making it challenging to identify early in some cases.

Treatment Options for Endometriosis

Unfortunately, there is no known cure for endometriosis, but there are different ways of treating the symptoms. The type of treatment depends on age, the severity of symptoms, and whether the person wishes to conceive in the future.

First, pain management is achieved using the available NSAIDs, which help decrease inflammation and pain. For severe pain, stronger medicines may be administered to the patient.

Hormonal therapies are most frequently prescribed to manage symptoms. Such treatments include oral contraceptives, progestins, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists that help reduce estrogen levels in the body, slowing the growth of the endometrial-like tissue. Nevertheless, these treatments cannot reconstruct tissues or eliminate fibrosis, scarring, or adhesions.

In case of failure of medication, surgery may be recommended. Laparoscopic surgery is effective in the removal or destruction of endometrial tissue. In more severe cases, a total abdominal hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) and possibly the ovaries may be recommended although this is the last option.

To conceive, some people might have to undergo an infertility treatment like IVF because endometriosis can damage the reproductive system by forming scar tissue and inflammation.

Another aspect concerns the complementary approaches patients use to deal with the symptoms, including acupuncture, diet changes, exercises, biofeedback, counselling, etc. Although such methods may help alleviate the symptoms, little research proves their efficiency, and they do not treat the disease.

Conclusion

Endometriosis is a chronic disease in which endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, causing symptoms and various complications. While there is no known cure for the condition, patients can benefit from medications for pain relief, hormone replacement therapy, and surgery. For the condition to be well managed, the patient should undergo laparoscopy to get an early diagnosis and then be treated according to the findings. More research and a holistic approach to patients’ treatment and management are critical in enhancing the results for the affected individuals.

The Most Common Abnormalities in Sperm: How to Treat Them

in IVF

Sperm Abnormalities – Sperm plays an important role in the male reproductive system. It is a special cell that has the function of fertilizing a female egg and starting the journey of pregnancy. Sperm cells are stored in the testes through a process known as spermatogenesis. During the process of spermatogenesis, the immature cells in the testes divide and mature and get turned into motile sperm cells that are capable of fertilizing an egg.

The sperm quality and quantity are affected by certain factors such as increasing age, poor lifestyle, genetics, and even, medical conditions. They can cause various sperm abnormalities, that can destroy the success rate of the process of fertilization, and make it hard for couples to conceive naturally. With the help of this blog, you will get in-depth knowledge about the Sperm, Abnormalities in sperm, What causes them, and its treatments.

5 Most Common Sperm Abnormalities

There are many anomalies related to sperm that can be divided into different categories. Different types of spermocytosis affect male reproductive efficiency differently. They may include problems with a count of spermatozoa, their mobility or morphology.

The most common fertility problems associated with men’s sperm include:

Low Sperm Count: This is when a man possesses less than 15 million sperm per millilitre of semen thereby reducing chances of successful fertilization.
Sperm Agglutination: This is where the various sperms stick together and form clumps that hinder them from moving and fertilizing eggs.
Low Sperm Motility: It means when sperm is unable to swim or move towards the egg. When the sperm cannot get to the egg for fertilization, it is when we can say that they have poor or faulty motility.
Abnormal Sperm Morphology: The appearance and shape of sperms are also called morphology. Unusual forms of sperm may cause low fertility and a higher risk of miscarriage.
DNA Damage: Numerous causes lead to DNA damage in a male’s germ cells, including ageing, environmental pollutants, and certain medical disorders. Fertilization failure and increased risk of abnormal births in offspring are some of the consequences associated with DNA damage in spermatozoa.

Morphological abnormalities constitute one type of defective sperm morphologies that might prevent eggs from being fertilized. Generally, a healthy human sperm should have:

A separate head, midpiece, and elongated flagellum shaped like a whip.
An oval-shaped symmetrical head that has no blemishes or defects.
A straight smooth undamaged tail
The average length is around 5-6 micrometres while breadth may be between 2.5-3.5 micrometres but it varies greatly.

What Causes Sperm Abnormalities?

Situations like specific medical illnesses as well as treatments (radiation therapy, chemotherapy) can create sperm anomalies quite often.

Exposure to harmful environmental pollutants.
Genetic determinants
Hormonal imbalances
Way of life causes
Drugs
Past or present infections
Injury to the testicles
Undescended testes
Too much testosterone use
Varicoceles

Some symptoms can help identify sperm abnormalities. In most cases, males show no signs of their abnormality. Males often find out after they start trying to get their partners pregnant and failing. Symptoms may be present depending on the cause of infertility

Pain or swelling in the testicular region, and hair loss due to hormonal imbalance can be some factors.

Treatments for Sperm Abnormalities

You have a few choices when it comes to addressing morphologically abnormal sperms.

Sperm Washing

It is the process of removing poor-quality sperm and mucus from a man’s semen to increase the chances of conception. It is a component of several fertility treatments.

Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)

IUI – This process is an artificial insemination technique, where the sperm is directly into a woman’s uterus. By-passing some parts of a woman’s anatomy increases chances for healthy pregnancy even with male factor infertility concerns involved

In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF)

In a bid to increase the chances of pregnancy, IVF involves fertilising an egg in a laboratory and then transferring the embryo to a woman.

Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)

ICSI refers to directly injecting sperm into an egg which increases chances of fertilisation and pregnancy. This is a part of the IVF process.

Sperm Donation – There are instances when using donor sperms that are healthy and high in quality is the best option. By going through their looks and personality profile, one can choose donors who will provide them with a favorable match thus increasing the likelihood of success from treatment.

FAQs

Q1. What are the most common sperm abnormalities?

A1. The most frequent sperm abnormalities are sperm count (oligospermia), motility (asthenozoospermia), morphology (teratozoospermia), and azoospermia.

Q2. What lifestyle variables might lead to sperm abnormalities?

A2. Smoking, heavy alcohol use, drug use, a poor diet, obesity, and exposure to environmental pollutants can all lead to sperm abnormalities.

Q3. How does ageing influence sperm quality?

A3. As men age, their sperm quality might deteriorate, with increased sperm DNA fragmentation, lower motility, and a higher risk of sperm abnormalities.

Q4. Can nutrition improve sperm abnormalities?

A4. A balanced diet high in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals can boost sperm health. Zinc, selenium, folate, and vitamins C and E are very useful.

Q5. Is there an association between stress and sperm abnormalities?

A5. Yes, persistent stress can cause hormonal imbalances and oxidative stress, which can impair sperm count, motility, and morphology.

Q6. How do environmental conditions influence sperm quality?

A6. Environmental variables such as exposure to chemicals, pesticides, heavy metals, and radiation can all have a deleterious influence on sperm quality, resulting in numerous abnormalities.

Q7. Can Abnormal sperm be treated?

A7. Sperm abnormalities are treated based on the underlying reason. Lifestyle modifications, medication, surgery, and assisted reproductive technologies such as IVF or ICSI are all possible options.

Why Choose Us?

Male infertility being very sensitive needs to be tackled with utmost privacy and expertise. At Imprimis IVF, we’ve got a team of Fertility experts to help you with diagnosis and treatment of any infertility concerns. Our specialists are dedicated to providing personalized state-of-the-art care tailored to your individual needs. We have the most up-to-date therapies available for our patients so you can start your journey toward motherhood with us.

What is Surgical Sperm Retrieval

in ICSI Treatment, IVF

Infertility has become a common problem among couples worldwide, various factors contribute to the difficulties in conceiving. Factors such as male infertility including low sperm count, obstructive or non-obstructive azoospermia, or retrograde ejaculation contribute to the same. Our medical science provides hope by directly collecting sperm from the male reproductive tract, a specialised process called surgical sperm retrieval.

In this blog, you will get all the information about this procedure, different techniques of the procedure, when it is needed etc

What is Surgical Sperm Retrieval

When a man has azoospermia, a condition in which he has little or no sperm in his ejaculate.

A medical procedure called surgical sperm retrieval is used to directly obtain sperm from a man’s reproductive tract. It is beneficial for couples who struggle with male fertility to achieve pregnancy through assisted reproductive technologies (ART) like in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

Such conditions become a hurdle in achieving pregnancy where a man faces difficulties in the production of sperm. Urologists or IVF experts perform the procedure of extracting sperm from the male reproductive system.

When is surgical sperm retrieval necessary?

Surgical sperm retrieval is a process of extracting sperm from a man’s reproductive system in the case of low or no sperm production, which leads to issues in pregnancy and becomes very challenging for couples. In several scenarios, it becomes necessary to go for surgical sperm retrieval where natural conception is hindered due to male infertility issues.

Following are the main indications for when to visit the IVF centre for a surgical sperm retrieval procedure.

1. Obstructive Azoospermia

This condition is called when there is a blockage in the male reproductive system and is causing issues in sperm production with the semen. Due to these blockages, the sperm is unable to pass by.

It can occur through the congenital absence of the tube that carries sperm from the testicles to the urethra.

2. Non-obstructive Azoospermia

In such conditions, the amount of sperm produced is very low or no sperm is produced through the testicles of a man. It occurs due to genetic factors, testicular damage caused due to trauma or chemotherapy or due to hormonal imbalances.

You can go through infertility treatment including Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE) to retrieve sperm directly from the testicular tissue.

3. Retrograde ejaculation

A condition in which semen enters the bladder and is not expelled through the urethra during ejaculation. Such is the scenario with people suffering from neurological conditions, previous surgeries if any or diabetic patients.

You need to visit the best fertility doctor to get the right treatment in such a case.

Techniques used in Surgical Sperm Retrieval.

There is a set of techniques, that have indications, considerations, and advantages based on the cause of male infertility. The choice of technique depends on the condition of a person and careful evaluation by the best fertility specialist.

Here are the Primary Techniques used in Surgical Sperm Retrieval:

1. Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA)

This method involves sucking out sperm from the epididymis from a fine needle attached to a syringe. This technique is used for patients having obstructive azoospermia, where there is a blockage in the epididymis preventing sperm from reaching the semen.

It is a process that can be easily performed under local anaesthesia in an outpatient setting.

2. Testicular Sperm Aspiration (TESA)

A procedure when sperm production is impaired or absent within the epididymis or when epididymal sperm retrieval is not feasible. This technique involves a needle that extracts sperm directly from the testicle. It can be performed under local anaesthesia and is less invasive than other techniques.

3. Microsurgical Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (MESA)

It is a technique useful in cases in which the number of sperm needed is high or in the case where previous attempts with PESA were unsuccessful. High powered surgical microscope is used in performing such a technique, a small incision in the scrotum is made to directly visualize the epididymis. The fertilization specialist then identifies the sperm and extracts it from the epididymal tubules.

In this technique, there is less chance of damage to surrounding tissues and it also allows precise identification and retrieval of sperm.

4. Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE)

TESE is used in the cases of patients having non-obstructive azoospermia, a condition that includes impaired or low sperm production within the testicles. It is a feasible technique that involves retrieval of sperm directly from the testicular tissue, by removing a small piece of testicular tissue through a minor surgical procedure and then is sent to the laboratory to examine the areas containing sperm.

5. Microdissection TESE (Micro-TESE)

Such a technique is perfect for cases of severe non-obstructive azoospermia, where there are extreme impairments in sperm production. It is performed under higher magnification as it is a specialized form of TESE. The goal of this technique is to lower the trauma to the testicular tissue and increase the retrieval of sperm.

RISKS INVOLVED!

Risks involved in such IVF procedures are minimised when performed in top fertility clinics. And is generally a safe and effective procedure performed under the proper supervision of the experts.

However, there can be risks involved like any other surgical procedure.

The following are the factors that should be considered before proceeding with the procedure:

Infection
Bleeding
Discomfort and pain
Damage to surrounding tissues
Anaesthetic risks

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS!

1. Is surgical sperm retrieval painful?

It is relatively a less painful procedure involving a fine syringe being inserted in the epididymis or the testicle to extract the sperm performed under local anaesthesia.

2. How successful is surgical sperm retrieval?

In patients with obstructive azoospermia, there is a very high chance of recovering sperm by this method (>90%). Whereas in patients with non-obstructive, the chances are 40%.

3. What is the difference between TESA and TESE?

TESA= no incision or surgery required in TESA, only the needle is inserted under local anaesthesia with very low pain, low time and low charges. Whereas in TESE, biopsy surgery is done to extract tissue under General anaesthesia.

4. What are the side effects of PESA and TESA?

Side effects of PESA and TESA include mild swelling or bruising at the site of the procedure which usually resolves within a few days.

5. What are the signs of low sperm count?

Decreased facial or body hair, inability to impregnate women, pain or swelling in the testicle area, and difficulty maintaining an erection can be the symptoms of low sperm count.

Why Choose Us?

Choosing our clinic Imprimis IVF for surgical sperm retrieval will turn out to be the best decision when it comes to your reproductive health because we ensure compassionate care with a team of highly experienced professionals. We are equipped with advanced technologies to tailor to your unique fertility needs and provide treatment accordingly.

We understand this emotional challenge and hence provide a supportive environment and transparent communication to help you gain the trust and confidence in choosing us. Our clinic provides expert care and personalised attention throughout your journey to parenthood. We have a track record of successful procedures, providing reassurance and support at every step.

All You Need to Know About Cervical Mucus

in IVF

Cervical mucus is a fluid that is produced in the woman’s body by the cervix. It can be a barrier or a facilitator to sperm, it all depends on the phase of the menstrual cycle.

Understanding cervical mucus can turn out to be a crucial step in increasing awareness about fertility.

With the help of this blog, you will get in-depth knowledge about the stages & how to track them, and their importance in fertility.

What is Cervical Mucus

It is a fluid, composed of water, proteins, electrolytes and enzymes produced by the glands in and around the cervix. When it comes to the women’s reproductive system, cervical mucus plays an important role.

The changes in the mucus vary depending upon the hormonal changes throughout the menstrual cycle!

Tracking and charting mucus can be beneficial for couples, whether they are planning or avoiding pregnancy.

At times abnormal cervical mucus can become a cause of infertility. Such a case is common in women having a cervical infection or scar tissue in the cervix. Such women can be treated at the best IVF clinics.

Functions of cervical mucus:

1. Protecting sperm:

It provides nourishing surroundings to the sperm and protects it from the acidic environment of the vagina. Which allows them to stay up to 5 days within the female reproductive system.

2. Acts as a barrier:

Cervical mucus acts as a barrier by blocking the entry of sperm which helps to prevent unwanted pregnancies. It becomes thicker outside and acts as a barrier to the sperm making it difficult to pass by.

3. An indication of fertility!

Women can get important clues about fertility by noticing the changes in cervical mucus consistency and quantity. It can also help in infertility testing.

4. Allowing sperm movement.

During the fertile window, the clear, slippery mucus provides an optimal environment for sperm movement allowing the sperm to enter through the cervix into the uterus easily.

5. Protects from infection

The thick mucus also reduces the risk of infections and serves as a barrier against pathogens.

Stages of cervical mucus.

There are several stages of cervical mucus characterised by hormonal fluctuations. There are different stages according to the phases of the menstrual cycle and it provides clues from time to time about the fertility of women.

The stages are as follows:

1. Menstruation phase (Days1-5)

Due to the presence of menstrual blood, it becomes impossible to notice the cervical mucus during menstruation. It becomes difficult to distinguish due to the presence of menstrual blood.

2. Post – menstruation phase(Days 6-9)

At this stage, after menstruation, where oestrogen level is relatively low the mucus may feel dry or slightly sticky. There might be little or no mucus present. Such mucus is generally considered infertile.

3. Pre – ovulation phase (Days 10-12)

During this stage, the cervical mucus becomes creamy, abundant in texture and feels smooth and cloudy in appearance. It is because of the increase in the level of oestrogen. It is still not the fertile stage, but it indicates the approach of ovulation.

4. Ovulation phase (Days 13-16)

During this stage, the mucus reaches the most fertile point and it becomes clear, stretchy and resembles raw egg whites. This facilitates the movement and survival of sperm and is marked as the most fertile day.

5. Post ovulation phase (Days 17-28)

At this stage, the level of progesterone level rises after the ovulation phase making the cervical mucus thick and sticky again. This stage indicates the end of the fertile window.

3 Ways to Track Cervical Mucus

Women need to keep track of the cervical mucus regularly and understand the menstrual cycle to identify the fertile window. With the help of tracking, you can gain insights into your fertility which can help in achieving or preventing pregnancy for couples.

Tracking the cervical mucus also helps to know whether there is any infection or there is any need for infertility treatment. If found any issues, you can visit your nearest IVF clinics and get them solved with the best IVF doctors.

Following are the Ways of Tracking:

Keeping a check daily.

It is important to check daily and even better to check it at the same time of each day. Use a clean finger to collect the mucus and observe mucus before urination or bowel movement to avoid any contamination.

Keep a detailed record of the texture of the mucus you observed while collecting the sample with your fingers or with the help of toilet paper.

Creating a cervical mucus chart.

Creating a cervical chart can be valuable for visualising the changes in the mucus and it can also help in predicting ovulation.

You can create the columns in the chart for each day and can add the type of texture based upon factors such as “sticky”, “creamy” etc.

Identify pattern

Identifying your pattern is crucial when it comes to planning your pregnancy. After a few cycles, you will understand your pattern and the time of max or min fertility.

It is important to keep a regular check on as it will not only help in planning your pregnancy but it will also help in detecting the infection in the woman’s body, if any.

What can affect Cervical Mucus?

This is subjected to various hormonal changes and can be affected by various underlying issues:

1. Medications

There are certain medications that may affect the cervical mucus, regardless of what they are for!

2. Birth control:

Some hormonal birth control pills prevent sperm from entering by thickening the cervical mucus. This can affect the consistency of the mucus.

3. Infections:

If there is any infection in your cervix, it can also affect your mucus in terms of change in colour, odour, visibility etc.

4. Dehydration:

Your fluids will be flowy in texture if you will keep yourself hydrated.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS:

1. What is your cervical mucus telling you?

Right before or during the ovulation, you usually have the most mucus. It is clear and it feels slippery, these slippery days are your fertile days, when you are most likely to get pregnant.

2. What is poor cervical mucus?

If there is no or less cervical mucus, then the sperm will not be able to swim to the uterus.

3. What does unhealthy cervical mucus look like?

If you suddenly have an abnormal discharge of bright yellow or green colour then it may be a concern of unhealthy mucus.

4. When does pregnancy discharge start?

Almost immediately after conception, your vagina walls start to thicken, which can cause a white, milky discharge that may continue throughout your pregnancy.

5. What can I drink to clear my discharge?

Drink Guava tea, garlic tea, and tea tree oil.

Why choose us?

Choosing Imprimis IVF in tracking your cervical mucus will ensure you receive insightful, accurate and tailored guidance in your reproductive health journey. We ensure detailed daily observations and comprehensive reports with the support of our advanced approach towards the matter. Imprimis IVF also guide you in your journey of understanding your menstrual cycle dynamics, identifying fertile windows and planning accordingly. We ensure to be your trusted partner in this journey!

Primary Ovarian Insufficiency: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

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Primary ovarian insufficiency is somewhat of a complicated condition that causes several dysfunctions in ovaries among women under the age of 40 years. Commonly known as ‘premature ovarian failure,’ it’s simply a time when your ovaries go unplanned holiday before you reach the age of 40, resulting in low levels of estrogen and irregular menstruation.

Living with POI can be challenging, although understanding that each woman’s experience is different is very important. Healthcare professional assistance is essential for managing this problem.

In this blog post, let’s look a little more closely at POI through its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment so that women know how to handle the problem.

What are the Causes of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency?

Primary ovarian insufficiency is a condition whereby ovaries are not functioning properly and, therefore, the estrogen levels lower, making the menstrual cycle delay. Many a time, it remains vague as to what the exact cause of POI may be, but there can be several contributors to this disorder, some of which include the following:

Genetic disorders, such as Turner syndrome and Fragile X syndrome
Autoimmune diseases: The misbehaviour of the immune system acts against the ovaries.
Cancer treatments: Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can be potentially dangerous to ovarian function and lead to POI.
Viral factors: Some infections, like mumps or varicella, can affect the ovaries against the normal.
Environmental factors: Toxins, chemicals, stress, and lifestyle can also impact ovarian function.

It should be noted that the causes of POI are very different in many ways, and each woman’s experience with POI is unique.

Symptoms of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency

Women suffering from POI may experience a set of symptoms that actually have practical effects on the quality of life. The most common ones are the following:

Infrequent or missed menstrual periods
Hot flashes and sweats at night
Vaginal dryness
Difficulty concentrating
Mood swings, low energy
Infertility

Some women experiencing early premature ovarian failure still have periods and even become pregnant. If you have any of these symptoms, and you are still Ignoring these signs then it could lead to more significant health issues, some of which may be beyond medical intervention.

Diagnosis of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency

Diagnosing POI includes a proper check-up with the doctors. It usually consists of checking your medical history.

A physical examination.
Hormone level testing.

Blood tests measuring levels of FSH, LH, and estrogen are done to check ovarian function. Imaging studies, including ultrasound tests, and genetic testing may be advised by doctors with regard to the functioning and condition of the ovaries.

One should utilize various diagnostic modalities, such as probable genetic studies, to diagnose the exclusion of underlying disorders that can also manifest with POI. In most cases of primary ovarian insufficiency, ovaries are relatively smaller in size and possess fewer follicles. Imaging modalities such as pelvic ultrasounds in ovaries provide very useful information related to the anatomy and physiology of the ovaries, thus aiding in designing appropriate treatment strategies.

Treatment of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency

That is to say, even though POI cannot be reversed, it can be managed with treatment options targeting the mitigation of its symptoms, prevention of further deterioration, and enhancement of general well-being.

The first line of treatment is HRT, by which some symptoms similar to the menopause, including hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and mood changes, can be alleviated.
For women who want to become pregnant, other alternatives, like cryopreservation of ovarian tissue, oocytes, or embryos, and embryo donation, are also available.

This can be achieved by replacing hormones that your ovaries no longer make.

Such valuable additions to treatment include the use of psychological support, counselling, and support groups in helping women cope with the emotional strains of POI, since whatever women go through needs to be validated.

Living With POI

This can result in a host of physical and emotional challenges in women with this lifelong condition. Thus, critical to the management of this disorder is that women diagnosed with POI maintain routine follow-up care with their providers and establish individual care plans. Medical supervision throughout, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and good support from family can help reduce the impacts of POI.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q 1. What are the common symptoms of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI)?

Answer – The most common symptoms of POI include irregular or no menstrual periods, hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, mood swings, fatigue, and infertility.

Q 2 Can a woman with Primary Ovarian Insufficiency become pregnant?

Answer – While most women with this condition will have reduced fertility, some may still conceive. Some women conceive on their own; some may consider assisted reproductive technologies, including in vitro fertilization.

Q 3. Are there any lifestyle modifications that would help in managing Primary Ovarian Insufficiency?

Answer – Yes, incorporating lifestyle modifications like a balanced diet, regular physical activity, stress management, and avoidance of smoking would contribute to an improved state of health and well-being for women with POI.

Conclusion

Primary Ovarian Insufficiency represents a very heterogeneous condition that would need the collaborative effort of a multidisciplinary team in its diagnosis and treatment. The etiopathogenesis of POI forms the basis of prevention and treatment strategies. Optimism and eagerness should characterize the way women diagnosed with POI deal with their diagnosis. With many options opening for therapy, there is hope for the future.

Why Choose IMPRIMIS IVF?

Imprimis IVF remains the best, with outstanding and affordable services. Being a team of highly experienced professionals with an exquisite reputation in personal care and support through the journey of IVF, we ensure that every patient feels valued and understood.

Backed by the finest technology and years of experience by practitioners, we strive to offer the finest possible service. The philosophy of this centre is to enable as many as possible to raise a family at an affordable cost. If you are searching for a trustworthy and sensitive in vitro fertilization clinic, look no further than Imprimis IVF.

Erectile Dysfunction: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment

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Erectile dysfunction is a condition that occurs when a man cannot achieve or maintain an erection during sexual intercourse to his satisfaction. This problem affects many men all over the world who may have physical, emotional, or lifestyle backgrounds. Many of these conditions can be well managed if dealt with properly.

By addressing physical health issues, offering emotional support, and seeking treatment, people and couples can prevent ED through recovery and regain sexual pleasure as well as general health. The process of recovering from ED involves working together, understanding each other, and collaborating with the therapist until one regains confidence and enjoys life.

What Causes Erectile Dysfunction?

There can be many factors causing erectile dysfunction, some of them may be:

1. Physical Factors:

Vascular Factors:

Some diseases that affect blood flow to the genitals include hardening of arteries (atherosclerosis), high blood pressure and high blood sugar levels (diabetes mellitus) which can result in impotence. These disorders prevent blood vessels from dilating properly and supplying enough blood to the genital area for stimulation during sexual arousal.

Neurological Disorders:

Examples of nervous system conditions that could have an impact on the functionality of erection include multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and spinal cord injury which prevents sperm data transmission and blood cells to the brain.

Hormonal Imbalances:

Decreased libido (sexual desire) can be caused by low testosterone levels in males resulting in erectile dysfunction. For example, hypogonadism (insufficient production of testosterone) or medications or therapies for special conditions might cause hormonal imbalances.

Anatomical Issues:

Also playing a role in erectile dysfunction is the abnormality in the genital area like Peyronie’s Disease (scarring within the genitals) and pelvic trauma (injury to the pelvis).

2. Psychological Factors:

Stress and Anxiety:

Erectile dysfunction may be caused by psychological stress such as job stress, work-related stress, love-life tension, sexual pressure anxiety etc; all these emotions influence the human mind’s ability to send signals that speed up blood- flow toward the genitals during sexual arousal.

Depression and Mental Health Conditions:

Erection problems are just a few among other issues such as depression and mental health conditions which would also affect hormone levels and influence male body responses to sex.

3. Lifestyle Factors:

Smoking and Alcohol:

Too much smoking and drinking alcohol can harm blood vessels and other body parts including kidneys. Both long-term smoking and excessive drinking can result in erectile dysfunction by reducing the blood flow as a whole leading to heart disease.

Fatness:

Weight gain or weightiness is connected with different health problems like diabetes, hypertension, and coronary artery disease all lead to erectile dysfunction in men.

Lack of Exercise:

Inactivity that comes alongside a sedentary way of life will result in obesity-related issues like cardiac situations among others which are normally associated with E.D. (erectile dysfunction). On the other hand, physical activity aids in the maintenance of an adequate flow as well as circulation for erection purposes.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction

Diagnosis of erectile dysfunction often implies an extensive medical assessment which involves physical examination, taking down a patient’s records, and in some cases special tests like blood examinations to check hormones or measure the blood flow to the genitals.

1. Medical Evaluation:

Physical Examination:

The doctor will assess the semen and testicles for any physical malformations and evaluate general health.

Medical History:

Inquiring about symptoms, previous treatment, medications, and lifestyle may help one find out what is causing erectile dysfunction.

Laboratory Tests:

These can include blood investigations that are useful in diagnosing such conditions as diabetes, heart disease or hormonal imbalances that may cause erectile dysfunction.

Psychological Evaluation:

It may be necessary to address stress, anxiety, depression and other emotional states that could play into erection problems.

2. Treatment for Erectile Dysfunction:

Changes in Lifestyle:

Making healthy lifestyle changes like getting a healthier diet, exercising more, quitting smoking, and drinking less alcohol can improve your overall health as it could naturally reverse erectile dysfunction.

Medicines:

There are several oral medications like

Sildenafil (Viagra)
Tadalafil(Cialis)
Vardenafil (Levitra)
Avanafil (“Stendra”)

which needs the bloodstream to centre around the penis for better erections. These drugs are used to have better intercourse and they work with an erection half an hour before having sex.

Hormone Therapy–

If low levels of testosterone are responsible for the ED, in such cases doctors will recommend undergoing hormone therapy replacement.

Psychological Counselling:

Therapy or counselling may be beneficial for men suffering from erectile dysfunction as a result of psychological issues (stress, anxiety, depression).

Vacuum Devices and Penile Implants:

For men who do not respond to other treatments, devices such as a vacuum erectile dysfunction device (VED) or surgical options such as penile implants may be considered. This device provides a solution to men who can no longer achieve erection by creating an erection mechanically or surgically.

Psychological Impact of Erectile Dysfunction:

Erectile dysfunction can have a significant impact on a man’s self-confidence, relationships, and overall quality of life. Anxiety, shame, and feelings of powerlessness are common in men with erection problems. Additionally, partners may feel anxious and unsure about their relationships. Open communication, support from doctors, and treatment options based on individual needs are important for addressing the psychological effects of erectile dysfunction and confidence in sex.

Frequently asked questions

Q. What is Erectile Dysfunction (ED)?

A. ED is a condition where a man has difficulty getting or maintaining an erection firm enough for sexual activity. It can be a source of stress and affect relationships.

Q. What causes Erectile Dysfunction?

A. ED can be caused by a variety of factors. Common causes include underlying health conditions like heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, or psychological factors such as stress, anxiety, or depression. Lifestyle factors like smoking, alcohol use, and obesity can also contribute to ED.

Q. How is Erectile Dysfunction diagnosed?

A. Diagnosis of ED typically involves a physical exam, a discussion of medical history, and possibly blood tests to check hormone levels, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels. In some cases, specialized tests like ultrasound or overnight erection tests may be recommended.

Q. Can Erectile Dysfunction be treated?

A. Yes, there are several treatment options for ED. These can include oral medications like Viagra or Cialis, lifestyle changes such as exercise and diet modifications, counselling or therapy to address psychological factors, vacuum devices, penile injections, or in more severe cases, surgery.

Q. Is Erectile Dysfunction common?

A. Yes, ED is a common condition, especially among men over 40. It’s estimated that about 50% of men between 40 and 70 years old experience some form of ED at some point.

Conclusion:

Many factors are responsible for erectile dysfunction and these come under body, mind as well lifestyle. This is not a natural part of ageing, but it tends to get worse as we grow older. It is necessary for early recognition and treatment, which can help restore erectile function thus improving sexual health. It will help you go through the causes of your condition, lifestyles that need to be changed and available treatments for managing erectile dysfunction and improving your life.

Imprimis IVF the best IVF Centre in Srinagar, offers hope in the treatment of infertility and ED. We provide innovative reproductive solutions along with individualized treatment. Being among the top IVF clinics in Srinagar, we take great pride in our dedication to quality in all facets of our work. We at Imprimis IVF & Fertility Centre recognize the significance of your desire to begin a family. Together, you and our skilled fertility specialists create a personalized treatment plan that meets your individual needs.

The Role of Hormones in Fertility

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Raising a family is an amazing experience. It is among the most amazing things that can happen in a relationship between a couple. The amount of hormones a woman’s body produces is one of the most crucial factors in getting pregnant. Hormones control whether the egg develops into a viable embryo and travels to the uterus, as well as whether the embryo finds a secure location within the womb to spend the next nine months gestating. Hormones have a major role in fertility, pregnancy, and the problems that many of our patients face.

At Imprimis IVF, a leading IVF treatment centre in Srinagar, we believe in extensive patient care and education. This blog explores the role of hormones in fertility and provides you with IVF literacy.

What are Hormones?

Hormones are necessary for the body to operate properly. More than 50 known hormones that regulate bodily functions and internal organ systems are found in human blood. These include metabolism, temperature control, and growth. Any deviation in the type or amount of hormones might lead to an imbalance in the hormones.

Because of the natural hormone fluctuations that take place during the menstrual month, each woman’s cycle is unique. Women’s fertility is significantly impacted by the complex interactions that exist among these hormonal networks. Maintaining appropriate hormone secretion and getting examined by the best IVF doctor at the best fertilization clinic is essential for treating female infertility.

Key Reproductive Hormones

Hormones in women naturally change during their menstrual cycle and every woman’s cycle is different. The intricate interactions among these hormone networks significantly influence women’s fertility.

A woman’s body has a complicated web of hormones that are involved in fertility and reproduction. The primary hormones that regulate the ovarian response hormones are progesterone and oestradiol, FSH and LH. Every hormone is essential to the menstrual cycle’s rising and falling phases.

Estrogen:

Many different tissues and organs are influenced by estrogens. Its primary mechanism of action is to induce cell proliferation in the ovaries, breasts, and endometrium. It is essential to the maturation of supplementary sexual characteristics. It encourages endometrial development during the menstrual cycle, preparing it for embryo implantation.

Progesterone:

Progesterone alters the uterine lining, which aids in conception. This enables a fertilized egg to adhere to it and begin developing into an embryo. During ovulation, progesterone begins to rise in order to prepare the uterus for the fertilization of an egg in an IVF and ICSI.

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH):

FSH or follicle-stimulating hormone is a hormone that is essential for both men’s and women’s reproductive processes. Having too little of either partner can cause problems with infertility. A female’s odds of conceiving and maintaining a pregnancy may be directly impacted by her FSH levels, which also have an impact on the quantity and quality of her remaining eggs.

Luteinizing Hormone (LH):

Luteinizing hormone or LH is important to the health of the reproductive system. The level of LH in the blood is important for couples who are having trouble getting pregnant or staying pregnant. An LH test is essential if you are thinking about IVF procedures.

Hormonal Imbalances and Fertility Issues

The first step to allowing yourself to take proactive steps for enhanced reproductive health is understanding hormone imbalances. It is crucial to speak with a healthcare provider if you are having trouble getting pregnant so they can look into any potential hormonal problems.

Your most effective tool is knowledge; treating hormone abnormalities is only one part of a more comprehensive approach to fertility. Recall that you are not walking this route by yourself. You can get assistance to help you overcome these obstacles. Remain knowledgeable, ask for help, and manage your fertility proactively.

Symptoms of a hormonal imbalance

Absence or irregularity of periods
Seeing spots when not having a period
periods that are unpleasant or weighty
The body will see an increase in hair growth.
Unusual weight gain
constipation and diarrhoea

Individual differences in symptoms can be important. Women may occasionally have irregular vaginal bleeding, heavy or missing periods, pelvic pain, or other symptoms depending on the cause of their infertility. Talk to your doctor about any strange symptoms you experience. Even if you are not attempting to conceive, you should still get treatment for any underlying hormonal issues that some of these symptoms might indicate and getting your checkup done at a great fertilization clinic with the best fertility specialist is crucial for the future.

Diagnosing Hormonal Issues and Treatment Options

Suppose a woman has been regularly engaging in unprotected sexual activity with her partner for more than a year in an attempt to conceive. In that case, she may want to think about getting tested for fertility. After six months of attempting to get pregnant, a woman 35 years of age or older should think about getting tested for fertility. In order to treat infertility effectively and provide a couple with the best chance of becoming pregnant, fertility tests for women assist in determining the cause or causes of the condition.

Our skilled fertility doctors at Imprimis IVF, Ranked one of the best IVF clinics perform a thorough assessment that includes a thorough medical history, a physical examination, and blood tests to measure hormone levels.

For the treatment of fertility issues a thorough, integrated and accurate diagnosis of the underlying problem is required. The treatment options consist of the following:

Medicines
Hormone treatment
Surgery
Reproduction with assistance
In-vitro fertilization, or IVF
Zygote intrafallopian transfer, or ZIFT, and gamete intrafallopian transfer, or GIFT

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Does infertility affect only women?

A: No. Either gender can experience infertility. Hormonal problems are just one of the many reasons why some women are infertile. But even men can experience infertility problems, such as low sperm count and not being able to conceive a woman.

Q: How to increase women’s fertility?

A: Frequent checkups can assist in identifying any underlying medical issues that may have an impact on a woman’s ability to conceive. Fertility can also be increased by leading a healthy lifestyle that includes frequent exercise, a balanced diet and stress management.

Q: How does estrogen make females feel?

A: Naturally, estrogen varies. However, mood swings or feelings of depression or anxiety may result from an estrogen imbalance. To assist in alleviating these side effects, doctors may recommend estrogen therapy.

Takeaway

We understand the emotional challenges of infertility and are committed to providing compassionate care and personalized treatment plans. helps you achieve your dream of parenthood. Our experienced fertility specialists can diagnose and treat a wide range of reproductive health problems, including uterine polyps. With advanced diagnostic tools and multiple treatment options, we can create a plan that meets your specific needs and increases your chances of success.

Located in the heart of Srinagar, Imprimis IVF Fertility Clinic is a ray of hope amidst the challenges of testicular atrophy and infertility. We offer personalized care and transformative fertility solutions. As one of the best IVF centres in Srinagar, our commitment to excellence is reflected in every aspect of our practice. At Imprimis IVF & Fertility Centre, we understand the importance of your dream of starting a family. Our experienced fertility specialists work closely with you to develop a customized treatment plan that is tailored to your needs.

Secondary Infertility: Causes, Signs, Diagnosis & Treatment

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What is Secondary Infertility?

When you are experiencing trouble getting pregnant after giving birth before, this is known as secondary infertility. Secondary infertility is characterized by a prior birth that did not happen with the help of medicine or fertility procedures such as in-vitro fertilization (IVF). On the contrary, the definition of primary infertility is the inability to conceive in a person who has never given birth.

How frequent is secondary infertility then? It could come as a surprise if you’ve previously had a child struggle with conception. That being said, many individuals and couples who are trying for more children are confronted with the difficulty of secondary infertility.

Causes of Secondary Infertility

The same factors that contribute to primary infertility also lead to secondary infertility. These include age-associated impairments in fertility, hormonal disorders, blockages in the reproductive organs such as the uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries and lifestyle choices linked to weight gain, lack of sleep, stressful lifestyle, use of intoxicating substances. The causes of secondary infertility are similar for men. These include hormone abnormalities, lifestyle decisions and age-related concerns in fertility. However, some issues like testicular injury, genital infections or issues with ejaculation and sperm are particular concerns for men.

One of the most frequent reasons for secondary infertility is age. As a woman matures, her eggs become less plentiful and of worse quality, which raises her risk of miscarriage and lowers her chances of a successful pregnancy. A healthy woman has about a 15% chance of becoming pregnant every month by the age of 35. In contrast, men usually start to lose fertility around the age of 45. Research has indicated that older men may be more susceptible to genetic flaws in their sperm, increasing the likelihood of miscarriage, stillbirth, and the transmission of specific genetic diseases.

Another common cause of Male secondary infertility is frequently caused by low-quality semen, which includes low motility and sperm count. This refers to sperm that are ill-formed or not moving correctly, which makes it more difficult for them to move and fertilize an egg.

Signs of Secondary Infertility

The primary indicator of secondary infertility is the inability to conceive following the birth of one or more parents. After a year of trying to conceive, your doctor might suspect secondary infertility if you’re under 35. Having regular, unprotected intercourse is the definition of trying to get pregnant. After six months of regular, unprotected intercourse, your fertilization specialist may diagnose secondary infertility if you are over 35.

Common signs of secondary infertility include:

Period irregularities or insufficient menstruation: These are examples of irregular menstrual cycles.
Period Pain: Excruciating pain throughout the menstrual cycle or during sexual activity.
Modifications in Sexual Function: Problems such as male erectile dysfunction or a decline in libido.

Diagnosis of Secondary Infertility

It’s critical to see the best fertility specialist if you suspect you may have secondary infertility to receive a proper diagnosis. What should you anticipate from a visit to the doctor? To diagnose secondary infertility, doctors typically start by getting information about a patient’s lifestyle and medical background. They enquire about the patient’s pharmaceutical regimen. Likely, your doctor will also do a physical examination.

Regular periods: Ensuring that ovulation happens regularly for women throughout their menstrual cycle.
Hormone testing: measuring blood levels of hormones such as progesterone, estrogen, and testosterone.
Sperm Analysis: Sperm count, motility, and structural characteristics are examined in semen.
Laparoscopy: A surgical procedure used to identify pelvic organ anomalies, primarily endometriosis.
Hysterosalpingography (HSG): This process uses X-rays to look for obstructions, anomalies, or irregularities in the uterus or fallopian tube.
Ultrasound: Reproductive organs can be examined with ultrasound technology.

Treatment Options for Secondary Infertility

A healthier diet, more exercise, and weight loss are all worthwhile adjustments to make if you’re trying to get pregnant. But you might want to visit a fertility doctor if, despite your best efforts, you haven’t been able to conceive after several months of trying. After the diagnosis has been done, If there is a concern related to pregnancy there are several treatment options for secondary infertility that are similar to those offered for primary infertility.

Our fertility specialists will work with you to determine which of the following options is best:

Fertility Medications: These are the primary therapies for infertility brought on by ovulation disorders. If ovulation is irregular or ceases, they can assist the ovaries in releasing an egg. Discuss your alternatives with your medical team. Figure out the advantages and disadvantages of every fertility medication by asking your medical professional.
IUI: The process of getting a pregnancy by intrauterine insemination (IUI) requires placing sperm into the uterus of the woman. The sperm sample is ready in our lab ahead of time. Increasing the amount of sperm injected into the uterus increases the likelihood that the egg will be fertilized.
IVF: Another assisted reproduction method is called IVF (In Vitro Fertilization), which includes ovarian stimulation, harvesting of eggs and sperm, fertilization, and embryo transfer. In our lab, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, or ICSI, fertilises the eggs.
Techniques for Retrieving Sperm: If your semen contains no sperm or you are unable to ejaculate, these methods can nevertheless harvest sperm. When assisted reproductive techniques are planned and sperm counts are low or irregular, sperm retrieval procedures may also be performed.
Injection of intracytoplasmic sperm (ICSI): This technique is applied in addition to the typical IVF process. One sperm cell is manually inserted into an egg for fertilization in IVF after the egg retrieval step. ICSI is frequently required to increase the success rate of in vitro fertilization (IVF) or to cure male factor infertility difficulties.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: How Much Does IVF Cost?

A: The location, facility, and IVF procedure requirements all have a significant impact on the typical cost of in vitro fertilization. The average cost of an IVF treatment is between Rs 90,000 and Rs 1,50,000. The price may change based on the circumstances.

Q: How ICSI Treatment Is Not Like IVF?

A: ICSI IVF is a specific type of IVF used mainly for cases of severe male infertility treatments in which a single sperm is inserted directly into an egg. The ICSI treatment cost is higher than that of a typical IVF cycle due to this extra step.

Q: What Elements Affect the Cost of IVF?

A: The cost of IVF is determined by several variables, such as the clinic’s location, the medical team’s level of experience, the intricacy of the case and the need for extra treatments or services.

Q: How Can I Discover the Finest Reproductive Clinic?

A: When selecting the top fertility clinic, consider the variety of services provided, patient testimonials, staff qualifications, and success rates of the facility. It’s a good idea to look for the best fertility centre nearby because convenience to your home is another important consideration.

Imprimis IVF: Your Partner In Overcoming Your Challenges

Going through secondary infertility can be complicated and emotionally draining. Nonetheless, there is hope for couples who are having difficulty conceiving again because of improvements in fertility therapies and the accessibility of specialized fertility facilities.

Although it may be a difficult path, growing your family is possible with the correct assistance and medical knowledge. Our goal at Imprimis IVF one of the best IVF centres in Srinagar is to support you in not giving up your dream of becoming a parent by offering thorough care and support.

All You Need to Know About Preimplantation Genetic Testing

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While trying to get pregnant can be a happy experience, it can also be difficult for some couples. Consider preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) if you’re considering in vitro fertilization (IVF) as a therapy option for infertility. With the use of this cutting-edge method, it is possible to screen embryos for genetic defects before implantation, which may improve your chances of becoming pregnant and giving birth to a healthy child.

Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) finds genetic variations in embryos produced through in vitro fertilization or IVF procedures. Before embryos are inserted into the uterus, PGT is carried out. Reducing the likelihood of transferring an embryo with a particular genetic disorder or specific chromosomal abnormalities is the aim of paired-parent technology (PGT).

Understanding Preimplantation Genetic Testing

PGT is a collection of sophisticated genomic tests carried out on IVF-created embryos. These tests look for chromosomal abnormalities or single-gene problems by analyzing the genetic composition of the embryos. This knowledge can be very beneficial for couples that have:

A history of recurrent miscarriages
Irregularities of the chromosome
Genetic diseases they want to avoid passing on to their children

There are three types of genetic testing of an embryo before transfer:

1. PGT-A:

Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy, or PGT-A, is a screening method used to detect chromosomal abnormalities in embryos, which are assumed to be the most frequent cause of IVF treatment failure. As an illustration, the most prevalent chromosomal condition that we are aware of that has an extra copy of chromosome 21 is Down syndrome. It is typically advised for older women over 35 who are trying to conceive.

2. PGT-M:

When one or both genetic parents have known genetic abnormalities, preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic/single gene disorder (PGT-M) refers particularly to the process of testing an embryo to see if it too possesses the genetic problem. The PGT-M process offers an alternative to current post-conception diagnostic procedures, which often include the tough option of terminating the pregnancy if the results are unfavourable because only unaffected embryos are sent to the uterus for implantation. Right now, PGT-M is the only way to prevent having a kid impacted by a genetic condition before implantation.

3. PGT-SR:

It is a test used to distinguish between embryos that have additional or missing genetic material due to translocation or rearrangement (unbalanced) and embryos that have the proper amount of genetic material (balanced/normal). PGT-SR increases the likelihood of a healthy pregnancy following an IVF cycle and decreases the risk of a miscarriage, failed implantation, or having a kid with a chromosomal issue.

At Imprimis IVF, We can accurately identify balanced and normal embryos. This makes it possible to transfer embryos without chromosomal rearrangement carriers, avoiding the rearrangement’s transmission to subsequent generations. Schedule your appointment now!

The Preimplantation Genetic Testing Procedure

PGT begins with traditional in vitro fertilization (IVF), which involves retrieving and fertilizing eggs in a laboratory setting. The embryos are cultured until they reach a stage known as a blastocyst, which typically occurs on the fifth or sixth day following egg collection. At this point of development, certain cells are destroyed.

The genetic material (DNA) from the biopsied cells is then tested to see if the faulty gene exists in each embryo. After the cell biopsy, blastocysts are stored until the test results are ready. Once normal embryos have been discovered, they can be safely delivered to the uterus. Excess intact embryos are frozen for later use, whereas defective embryos are discarded. It is one of the most complex but also crucial infertility procedures.

Fertility doctors perform these procedures for two main reasons. One is to assess whether embryos have genetic abnormalities, which frequently cause failed implantation and miscarriage leading to unsuccessful IVF. The second goal is to identify embryos with genetic flaws that could result in a child with a fatal genetic abnormality or inheritable disorders like muscular dystrophy.

Embryos with such faults are not allowed to be put into the mother’s womb for a pregnancy. According to research, genetic mistakes in embryos are a major cause of both failed pregnancy and live birth. Couples interested in PGT testing should consult with an expert fertilization specialist to discuss available options.

The Cost of Preimplantation Genetic Testing

If you are considering using a fertility clinic, the majority of them can give you an idea of how much IVF pricing is decided for the PGT procedure. Some may provide PGT as part of a “package,” but make sure to examine the services provided by each reproductive clinic to make sure there aren’t any additional costs. Request a cost worksheet that details every stage of the PGT process from early pregnancy monitoring to pre-cycle services because calculating the cost of in vitro fertilization is crucial if you are on a budget.

Many factors vary from patient to patient when estimating the cost of having a child via PGT. In vitro fertilization is a must for all PGT patients to retrieve embryos for biopsy. Transferring an embryo or embryos that are not impacted by the known hereditary genetic disease for which it is at risk, is the aim of PGT.

The following are some variables that may affect PGT and IVF costs:

The required number of IVF cycles
Count of embryos to be tested and biopsied
Pattern of inheritance for the genetic illness
Technology required
The specific IVF clinic

Frequently Asked Questions about PGT

Q: What are the different types of PGT?

A: There are three types of PGT:

PGT-A: Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy
PGT-M-Preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders
PGT-SR-Preimplantation genetic testing for structural rearrangements

Q. Who can benefit from PGT?

A: PGT can help couples with-

A history of repeated miscarriages
Chromosome abnormalities
A family history of a certain genetic illness that they want to avoid passing on to their babies.
Women over the age of 35

Q: Does PGT ensure a successful pregnancy?

A: Normal PGT results do not guarantee a successful pregnancy or avoid miscarriage, This is a very common misconception. Embryos with normal PGT results of any type can still fail to implant or result in a miscarriage

Q: What is the average cost of IVF and PGT procedures?

A: The average cost of an IVF cycle in India ranges from ₹2.5 lakhs to ₹4 lakhs. The cost may vary depending on additional drugs, procedures (such as ICSI), and the type of clinic.

PGT testing typically costs between ₹25,000 and ₹50,000 per embryo. The number of embryos tested will affect the total cost.

Why Choose Imprimis IVF

Imprimis IVF is a renowned IVF Centre in Srinagar that specializes in helping couples fulfil their dream of becoming parents. We provide a broad range of fertility services, including modern therapies such as IUI, IVF, ICSI, and more.

Imprimis IVF recognizes that cost can be a major concern for couples considering reproductive treatment. We attempt to provide fair pricing and various payment choices for PGT as well as IVF packages, We try to keep IVF treatment charges as economical as possible. Please contact our staff to get a personalized price on PGT and IVF.

Schedule your appointment and get a consultation from the best IVF doctor available at our facility!

Hyperspermia: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

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Hyperspermia is a rare disease that affects male fertility. According to a study, about 4% of men have experienced this disease. More than half of the world’s population does not know about Hyperspermia, but it exists. However, no real or actual scientific research has been stated on this.

Hyperspermia can affect adult men of any age. It is important to note that although this condition can cause concern, Hyperspermia is not usually associated with serious health problems. but, it is important to consult a doctor to rule out any medical conditions or complications.

Hyperspermia is not a fatal or deadly condition, but it can still reduce the chances of pregnancy. It is important to get information on this topic so that all risks, such as infertility, can be avoided in the future. This article will help you learn more about male reproductive health.

What is Hyperspermia?

This condition is the opposite of Hypospermia, where a man produces less sperm than normal.

Hyperspermia is a condition in which a man produces more sperm than usual. Semen is the liquid that a man ejaculates during orgasm. It contains sperm and fluid from the prostate gland. Get yourselves expert treatment at fertility clinics.

The average volume of semen ejaculated ranges between 2 to 6 ml. If the semen quantity of a man goes beyond 6.3 ml, then he is said to be affected by Hyperspermia.

Symptoms of Hyperspermia

Hyperspermia is a condition in which a man produces more sperm than normal. It is produced by Seminal fluid which is a fluid that contains sperm that helps in reproduction. The prostate glands of the testicles produce this sperm. During Hyperspermia, a larger-than-normal amount of sperm is produced. This condition may not cause health problems but may affect fertility.

The main symptom of Hyperspermia is more sperm than usual. A man who has had Hyperspermia all his life may not realize that his sperm volume is high. Others may notice an increase in sperm volume, which may be a sign to see a doctor for a diagnosis. However, many people with this condition have no other symptoms and may never know they have it.

Some common signs of Hyperspermia may include:-

Painful ejaculation
Anxiety about sexual performance
Dizziness after sex
Weakness or fatigue
Pressure in the pelvic area
Semen yellow or cloudy
Enlarged and swollen testicles

What are the Causes of Hyperspermia?

Doctors don’t know exactly what causes Hyperspermia. Some researchers suggest that it is related to an infection of the prostate that causes inflammation.

Some cases cause the problem of Hyperspermia and affect fertility. Men have a lot of sperm and have less sperm than normal in their ejaculation. Thus, this leads to diluting the material, negatively affecting male fertility. However, a low sperm count does not mean that a man is infertile. A person with this condition still has a chance to have a baby. They can still look forward to parenthood because the condition does not affect fertility if the sperm count is high.

Another main reason is the gap during intercourse because it causes the problem of sperm accumulation. If you use a sexual stimulant or the pill, this is again a major cause of Hyperspermia. Regular use of the pill improves sperm yield and levels. According to professionals, it is believed that when the prostate gland is inflamed, it can also cause this unusual condition in men.

When Should You Consult a Specialist?

See your doctor if you are concerned that you are producing too much sperm or if you have been trying to get your partner pregnant for at least a year without success and get your condition diagnosed. Your doctor will start with a physical exam. You will then have infertility tests to check your sperm count and other fertility measures.

These Tests may include:

1. Sperm Analysis

You take a sperm sample for testing. This can be done either by masturbating into the cup or by pulling the cup out during sex and ejaculating inside. The sample goes to the laboratory, where a technician checks the sperm counter quantity, movement, and quality.

2. Hormone Tests

A blood test can determine whether you produce enough testosterone and other male hormones. Low testosterone can also cause infertility.

3. Ultrasound Tests

You may have an ultrasound of the testicles or other parts of the reproductive system to look for problems that may contribute to infertility.

Does Hyperspermia Require Treatment?

Hyperspermia is a condition that usually does not require treatment until it causes serious health problems related to conception. However, precaution is important, so it is recommended to refrain from using pills or drugs to increase sexual performance. If ejaculation causes problems, it is always wise to consult a urologist.

You do not need to treat Hyperspermia. Pregnancy only takes one sperm and one egg, why is a sperm count important? In short, it increases the chances of a successful pregnancy. When a man ejaculates over a woman, the chance that one sperm will reach and implant itself in the egg increases if there is more sperm in the semen. Normal semen contains 300 million sperm per mm.

However, if you’re facing symptoms that are affecting your normal functioning, you must consult a professional. Our expert faculty at Imprimis IVF are there to guide you at every step.

Do You Want to Know More? Get in Touch with Imprimis IVF Fertility Clinic

The success of achieving pregnancy with a low sperm count depends on the personal health of you and your partner. If you decide to start a family, there are many options available to you, such as adoption, IVF, or lifestyle changes to try to conceive. Your first step is to talk to a doctor who can help evaluate your sperm count and other factors related to fertility before making any plans for the future.

Located in the heart of Srinagar, Imprimis IVF & Fertility Centre is a hope amidst the challenges of Hyperspermia and infertility. With a dedicated team of fertility experts and cutting-edge technology, we offer personalized care and transformative fertility solutions. As one of the best IVF centres in Srinagar, our commitment to excellence is reflected in every aspect of our practice.

At Imprimis IVF Fertility Clinic, we understand the importance of your dream of starting a family. So, our experienced fertility specialists will work closely with you to develop a customized treatment plan tailored according to your unique needs.

We are committed to supporting you every step of the way, from diagnosis to treatment and beyond, so you can realize your dream of starting a family. Contact Imprimis IVF & Fertility Centre Srinagar today and let us light the way to parenthood together.